Content Analysis of Chenopodium formosanum (Djulis) Collected From Two Production Areas and Evaluation of Their Ability to Improve Insulin Resistance

Background This study compared the contents of extracts Chenopodium formosanum (Djulis) originating from 2 aboriginal areas (Kaohsiung and Taitung, Taiwan) evaluated their efficacy in ameliorating insulin resistance vitro. Methods First, we analyzed anti-oxidant compositions activity, α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibitory effects Djulis extracts, then ability to ameliorate HepG2 cell. To do this, incubated cells DMEM medium spiked with TNF-α. Results Taitung extract (TDE) had higher concentrations flavonoids polyphenols than Kaohsiung (KDE). However, KDE a greater anti-oxidative effect inhibit α-glucosidase TDE. In cellular experiment, promoted cell glucose uptake, increased protein expression transporter-2 (GLUT-2). when adding TNF-α insulin, worsened insulin-stimulated metabolism. might be associated induced mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs) expression. Treating resistant either TDE or significantly reversed on uptake related expressions. Conclusion Although both reduced TNF-α-induced resistance, was found more potent. have bioactivity other undetected components that lead efficiency Taken together, could potentially used control resistance.